A hernia is a protrusion of an organ through a wall of the cavity in which it is enclosed. In the case of a hiatal hernia, a portion of the stomach protrudes through a tear-drop-shaped hole in the diaphragm where the esophagus and the stomach join.

What causes hiatal hernia?

The most frequent known causes of hiatal hernia is an incresed pressure in the abdominal cavity produced by coughing, vomiting, straining at stool, or sudden physical exertion. Pregnancy, obesity, or excess fluid in the abdomen also contribute to causing this condition.

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Who gets hiatal hernia?

Hiatal hernias develop in people of all ages and sexes, although it is considered to be a condition of middle age. In fact, the majority of otherwise healthy people past the age of 50 have small hiatal hernias.

Are there any complications associated with hiatal hernia?
Most hiatal hernias do not need treatment. However, if the hernia is in danger of becoming strangulated (constricted is such a way as to cut off the blood supply) or is complicated by esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus), treatment becomes necessary. To prevent strangulation, your doctor may perform surgery to reduce the size of the hernia.

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What is the treatment for hiatal hernia?

Treatment of esophagitis is necessary to prevent ulcers (sores) from forming in the lining of the esophagus. When these sores heal, they can leave scars that can make it difficult or impossible to swallow. In some people, long-term esophagitis may result in Barrett's esophagus, a condition thought to be a precursor of cancer. Most cases of esophagitis respond to antacids, weight reduction, and a common sense approach to eating (eating more slowly and smaller portions), drinking (moderating alcohol and caffeine intake), and other lifestyle habits (stop smoking).

If long-term use of antacids becomes necessary, see your doctor. Long-term use of antacids can produce side effects like diarrhea, altered calcium metabolism and magnesium retension.

If the esophagitis persists, your doctor may perform surgery to restore the stomach to its proper position and strengthen the area around the opening.


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